Discover the diverse beauty of Arkansas trees : a guide to native species and where to find them

Discover the diverse beauty of Arkansas trees : a guide to native species and where to find them

Many individuals can recall a tree from their childhood that held special significance, whether it was perfect for climbing, adorned for Christmas, or a tranquil spot for reading a book. Trees have a unique way of anchoring us to a place, their roots intertwining with our own sense of belonging. In Arkansas, trees have played a significant role throughout history, and their variety and beauty continue to be a defining feature of the state’s landscape.

The history of arkansas’s forests

The historical significance of trees in Arkansas dates back to the arrival of the first European settlers. At that time, an impressive 85% of the state was covered in dense forests. As settlers moved in and began farming, this percentage gradually decreased. The construction of railroads in the mid-1800s further reduced the forest area due to the high demand for lumber to build tracks. This demand spurred the growth of the timber industry, which transported wood out of Arkansas.

Fortunately, some timber companies anticipated the need for sustainable practices early on. Their efforts, combined with the establishment of the Arkansas Forestry Commission in 1931, aimed to protect the state’s forests. This organization continues to work towards conserving Arkansas’s woodlands for future generations. Today, more than 50% of Arkansas remains forested. Exploring these forests reveals a rich diversity of tree species.

Common types of trees in arkansas

Pine trees

Arkansas boasts several varieties of pine trees, with the shortleaf pine being the most common. Known also as Yellow or Southern Yellow Pine, this straight and thin tree thrives across the state. When grown in dense forests, its green needles are typically visible only at the top. South of the Ouachitas, loblolly pines are also prevalent. These fast-growing trees are valuable for timber and are harvested by major timber companies. Both shortleaf and loblolly pines are native to Arkansas.

Oak trees

Oak trees hold a special place in Arkansas’s flora. With 29 different variations, they are the most prolific tree species in the state. Their broad canopies provide welcome shade during hot summers. Among the most common are the black oak, which has deeply furrowed bark that darkens with age, and the white oak, known for its long lifespan and ashy gray bark. In autumn, both trees drop acorns and their leaves turn red or brown.

Hickory trees

Hickory trees, with their distinct tear-shaped leaves, are commonly found alongside oaks and pines in Arkansas forests. The black hickory is particularly widespread in the Ozarks and Ouachitas. In the fall, these trees produce dark, oval nuts that are edible, although often claimed by squirrels. Hickory nuts play a role in culinary traditions, such as smoking meats.

Maple trees

Maple trees add vibrant colors to the Arkansas landscape. Red maples are often chosen for planting around homes due to their rapid growth and brilliant foliage. Widespread throughout the state, they are a favorite for decorative purposes. The sugar maple extends into Northwest Arkansas, where it marks the southernmost part of its range. Although Arkansas is far from the main syrup-producing states, residents can still tap these trees for a brief maple syrup season.

Unique and notable trees in arkansas

Osage orange

The Osage orange, also known as bois d’arc or hedge apple, is easy to spot due to its large green fruit that falls in September and October. These “horse apples” are often kicked or thrown around by children. The tree itself is covered in thorns and was historically used to create natural barriers before the advent of barbed wire.

Devil’s walkingstick

The Devil’s walkingstick is a small, shrub-like tree with a thin trunk covered in sharp spines, resembling a thorny walking stick. It produces purple to blackberries in the fall, which are favored by bears despite causing intestinal discomfort in humans. This unique tree adds intrigue to any outdoor adventure.

Chinaberry

The Chinaberry tree, introduced from Asia around 1830, was planted across the U.S. for its ornamental appeal. It features umbrella-shaped branches and clusters of purple flowers in the spring. While admired for its beauty, the Chinaberry tree is considered invasive in many states due to its rapid spread facilitated by bird-dispersed fruits.

For those interested in learning more about the diverse tree species of Arkansas, Dwight D. Moore’s field guide, Trees of Arkansas, provides a comprehensive resource. Updated in 2014, this guide is available from the Arkansas Forestry Commission.

Exploring arkansas’s tree diversity

Arkansas’s forests offer a rich tapestry of tree species, each contributing to the state’s natural beauty and ecological health. Whether it’s the sturdy oaks, the towering pines, or the colorful maples, each tree has a story to tell and a role to play.

Here are some activities you can enjoy among Arkansas’s trees :

  • Hiking in the Ozark and Ouachita National Forests
  • Bird watching in the late autumn foliage
  • Collecting hickory nuts or pine cones
  • Photographing the brilliant fall colors of maple trees
  • Exploring unique species like the Osage orange or Devil’s walkingstick
Tree Species Common Locations Key Characteristics
Shortleaf Pine Throughout Arkansas Thin, straight trunk; green needles at top
Loblolly Pine South of Ouachitas Fast-growing, valued for timber
Black Oak Widespread in Arkansas Dark, furrowed bark; broad canopy
White Oak Throughout Arkansas Ashy gray bark; long lifespan
Black Hickory Ozarks and Ouachitas Tear-shaped leaves; edible nuts
Red Maple Widespread in Arkansas Brilliant red fall foliage; fast-growing
Sugar Maple Northwest Arkansas Produces sap for maple syrup
Osage Orange Various across Arkansas Large green fruit; thorny
Devil’s Walkingstick Various across Arkansas Sharp spines; purple to blackberries
Chinaberry Introduced from Asia Umbrella-shaped canopy; purple flowers

Exploring the diversity of Arkansas trees not only enhances our appreciation of nature but also deepens our connection to this beautiful state. Let’s cherish and protect these natural treasures for future generations to enjoy.

Lance Brownfield
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